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Environmental killings
Since the start of the 21st century there has been an increase in killing linked to environmental issues such as illegal logging, mining, land grabs and pollution. The victims include not only environmental and land rights activists, but also members of indigenous communities and journalists who have reported on these issues.〔(Global Witness. 2014. Deadly Environment. The dramatic rise of killings of environmental and land defenders 1.1.2012-31.12.2013. Global Witness, London. ), retrieved 16 July 2014〕〔(Revkin, A. When Journalists Are Dying to Expose Environmental Plunder. New York Times.17 September 2012 ), retrieved 16 April 2014〕〔(Reporters Without Borders. 2009. The Dangers for Journalists Who Report Environmental Issues. Paris. September 2009 ), retrieved 16 April 2014〕 In 2003, the Environmental Justice Foundation reported that in at least 11 countries people had been murdered for opposing shrimp farming and its associated environmental impacts.〔(EJF.2003. Smash & Grab: Conflict, Corruption and Human Rights Abuses in the Shrimp Farming Industry. Environmental Justice Foundation, London, UK ), retrieved 16 April 2014〕
According to Global Witness, the number of environmental killings worldwide reached 147 in 2012, and the total number of such murders between 2002 and 2013 exceeds 908.〔(Global Witness. 2014. Deadly Environment. The dramatic rise of killings of environmental and land defenders 1.1.2012-31.12.2013. Global Witness, London. ), retrieved 16 July 2014〕 In only six of these cases were the killers tried, convicted and punished. The report blames this level of impunity, together with the lack of attention to the issue, for the rise in the numbers of deaths.
In March 2014, when the United Nations Independent Expert on human rights and the environment, John Knox, presented his first detailed report to the UN Human Rights Council on the human rights obligations relating to environmental protection he stated: “Environmental human rights defenders deserve no less protection than other human rights defenders.”〔(United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2014. UN expert urges States to take into account human rights obligations in their environmental policies. 11 March 2014. ), retrieved 16 April 2014〕
==Partial list of victims==
* Brazil: Chico Mendes, Dorothy Stang, Vicente Cañas, Wilson Pinheiro, José Cláudio Ribeiro da Silva
* Cambodia: Chut Wutty, Hang Serei Odom
* Costa Rica: Jairo Mora Sandoval
* Honduras: Jeanette Kawas
* Nigeria: Ken Saro-Wiwa
* Pakistan: Perween Rahman
* Philippines: Gerry Ortega
* Saint Lucia: Jane Tipson
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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